Appendix B — Treatment of Patients With Dual Disorders: Sample Cost Data
To provide readers with illustrative data on the costs of running programs for patients with dual disorders, the consensus panel Chair obtained data on actual costs during fiscal year 1991-1992 from three programs in urban areas. One program, on the West Coast, provided day and evening intensive outpatient services. The second, in the Northeast, provided intensive outpatient services during the day. In the third program, in the Northwest, daytime intensive outpatient services, partial hospitalization, and intensive case management were provided.
Included in the tables below are descriptive data for each program, including institutional status (for example, private for-profit or public), payer mix (for example, Medicaid or self-pay patients), number of clients served (at 100 percent capacity), salary ranges of various levels of staff, and other expenses (for example, facility costs). Total expenses and total revenues for each program are listed at the end.
TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH DUAL DISORDERS SAMPLE COST DATA Program 1 Program 2 Program 3 ___________________________________________________________ PROGRAM TYPE Evening Intensive X Outpatient Day Intensive X X X Outpatient Partial X Hospitalization Other Day treatment and intensive case management ___________________________________________________________ REGION West Coast Northeast Northwest ___________________________________________________________ LOCALE Urban Urban Urban ___________________________________________________________ INSTITUTIONAL STATUS ___________________________________________________________ Private for-profit X Private nonprofit Public X X Other ___________________________________________________________ PAYER MIX (BY PERCENT) ___________________________________________________________ Insurance/Managed X Care Medicaid 66% 30% Medicare X 25% Self-pay X 4% HMO contract X State grant/purchase 30% 45% of care
TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH DUAL DISORDERSSAMPLE COST DATA Program 1 Program 2 Program 3 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ NUMBER OF PATIENTS SERVED (AT 100 PERCENT CAPACITY) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Daily 50+ 45 100 Weekly 320 225 300 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ SALARY RANGES ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Administrators/managers $60,000 to 70,000 $38,000 to 50,000 $35,000 to 60,000 Physicians $70/hour to $85,000 $70,000 to 90,000 100/hour Social workers $30,000 to 50,000 $30,000 $26,000 to 35,000 Psychologists $50,000 to 60,000 n/a $50,000 to 70,000 Support staff $18,000 to 27,000 $20,000 to 29,000 $22,000 to 28,000 Other Addiction Nurses, Addiction counselors, counselors and mental health $23,000 to 35,000 recreational specialists therapists $23,000 to 33,000 $25,000 to 38,000 ----------------- Nurses $32,000 to 48,000
TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH DUAL DISORDERS SAMPLE COST DATA __________________________________________________________________________ Program 1 Program 2 Program 3 __________________________________________________________________________ OTHER EXPENSES (BY PERCENT) __________________________________________________________________________ Administrative overhead 7.1% 24% 20% Personnel (including 80.5% 60% 70% fringe benefits) Facility costs 12.4% 16% 10% __________________________________________________________________________ TOTAL EXPENSES FY 1991-1992 TOTAL REVENUES FY 1991-1992 __________________________________________________________________________ Program 1 $482,000 $489,000 Program 2 $811,052 $561,052 Program 3 $2,200,000 $1,980,000 __________________________________________________________________________
Appendix C — Federal Resource Panel
- John J. Ambre, M.D., Ph.D.
- American Medical Association
- Robert Anderson
- Director
- Criminal Justice Service
- National Association of State Alcohol and Drug Abuse Directors
- Richard J. Bast
- Public Health Advisor
- Quality Assurance and Evaluation Branch
- Division of State Programs
- Center for Substance Abuse Treatment
- Sandra M. Clunies, M.S., N.C.A.D.C.
- President, Maryland Addiction Counselor Certification Board
- Dorynne Czechowicz, M.D.
- Associate Director
- Medical and Professional Affairs
- Division of Clinical Research
- National Institute on Drug Abuse
- Walter L. Faggett, M.D.
- National Medical Association
- Rita Goodman, M.S., R.N.C.
- Nurse Consultant
- Division of Primary Care Services
- Health Resources and Services Administration
- John Gregrich
- Policy Analyst
- Office for National Drug Control Policy
- Executive Office for the President
- Claudia Hart
- American Psychiatric Association
- Ruth H. Carlsen Kahn, D.N.Sc.
- Special Projects Section
- Division of Medicine
- Bureau of Health Professions
- Health Resources and Services Administration
- Saul M. Levin, M.D.
- Director
- Office of Health Care Linkage
- Center for Substance Abuse Treatment
- Cherry Lowman, Ph.D.
- Health Scientist Administrator
- Treatment Research Branch
- Division of Clinical and Prevention Research
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
- Anna Marsh, Ph.D.
- Associate Director for Evaluation
- Office of Applied Studies
- Center for Substance Abuse Treatment
- Fred C. Osher, M.D.
- Deputy Director
- Office of Programs for the Homeless Mentally Ill
- National Institute of Mental Health
- Deborah Parham, Ph.D., R.N.
- Chief
- Special Initiatives
- Policy and Evaluation Branch
- Bureau of Primary Health Care
- Health Resources and Services Administration
- Kay Pearson, R.Ph., M.P.H.
- Senior Health Policy Analyst
- Agency for Health Care Policy and Research
- Public Health Service
- Bert Pepper, M.D.
- The Information Exchange
- New City, New York
- Richard K. Ries, M.D. (Chair)
- Director of Inpatient Psychiatry and Dual Disorder Programs
- Harborview Medical Center
- Seattle, Washington
- Harry Schnibbe
- Executive Director
- National Association of State Mental Health Program Directors
- Sarah Stanley, M.S., R.N., C.N.A, C.S.
- American Nurses Association
- Patricia M. Weisser
- National Association of Psychiatric Survivors
Appendix D — Field Reviewers
- Arthur I. Alterman, Ph.D.
- Scientific Director
- Center for Studies of Addiction
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Robert Anderson
- Director, Criminal Justice
- National Association of State Alcohol and Drug Abuse Directors
- Gloria J. Baciewicz, M.D.
- Director
- Alcoholism and Drug Dependency Program
- University of Rochester Medical Center
- Rochester, New York
- Stephen J. Bartels, M.D.
- Medical Director
- West Central Services, Inc.
- Research Associate
- N.H. Dartmouth Psychiatric Research Center
- Lebanon, New Hampshire
- Richard J. Bast
- Public Health Advisor
- Center for Substance Abuse Treatment
- Joseph J. Bevilaqua, Ph.D.
- Director
- South Carolina Department of Mental Health
- Dolores M. Burant, M.D.
- Program Director and Medical Director
- University Outpatient Recovery Services
- Madison, Wisconsin
- Ricardo Castaneda, M.D.
- Director
- Inpatient Psychiatry at Bellevue Hospital
- New York Medical Center
- Nancy C. Carter
- Director
- Special Division for Alcohol and Drug Abuse Services
- South Carolina Department of Mental Health
- Maureen Connelly, Ph.D.
- Professor
- Department of Sociology and Social Work
- Frostburg State University
- Frostburg, Maryland
- Marcelino Cruces, L.I.C.S.W.
- Administrative Coordinator
- Andromeda Transcultural Mental Health Center
- Substance Abuse Treatment Division
- Washington, D.C.
- Dorynne Czechowicz, M.D.
- Associate Director for Medical and Professional Affairs
- Division of Clinical Research
- National Institute on Drug Abuse
- Robert E. Drake, M.D., Ph.D.
- Professor/Director
- N.H.-Dartmouth Psychiatric Research Center
- Dartmouth Medical School
- Lebanon, New Hampshire
- Mary Katherine Evans, C.A.D.C., N.C.A.C. II
- Treatment Coordinator
- Evans and Sullivan
- Beaverton, Oregon
- Walter L. Faggett, M.D.
- Pediatrics/Health Care Consultant
- Capitol Area Health Services
- National Medical Association
- Denis Ferguson, M.A., C.S.A.D.C.
- Program Manager
- Substance Abuse Services
- DuPage County Health Department
- Wheaton, Illinois
- James Fine, M.D.
- Director
- Addictive Disease Hospital at Kings County Hospital Center
- Clinical Associate Professor
- Department of Psychiatry
- State University of New York
- Health Service Center at Brooklyn
- Brooklyn, New York
- Agnes Furey, L.P.N., C.A.P.
- Primary Care Coordinator
- Florida Drug and Alcohol Abuse Program
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Services
- Tallahassee, Florida
- Harry W. Haverkos, M.D.
- Acting Director
- Division of Clinical Research
- National Institute on Drug Abuse
- Elizabeth A. Irvin, M.S.W.
- Director of Service Integration
- Department of Mental Health
- Commonwealth of Massachusetts
- Edward K. Katz, M.D., M.P.H.
- Mind Science
- Consultation for Problems in Thinking and Feeling
- Stow, Ohio
- Ruth H. Carlsen Kahn, D.N.Sc., R.N.
- Special Projects Section
- Division of Medicine
- Bureau of Health Professions
- Health Resources and Services Administration
- George Kolodner, M.D.
- Kolmac Clinic
- Silver Spring, Maryland
- Susan Krupnick, R.N., M.S.N., C.A.R.N., C.S.
- Psychiatric Consultation Liaison Nurse
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
- Fox Chase Manor, Pennsylvania
- Robert M. Lichtman, Ph.D., C.A.C.
- Associate Psychologist/Program Coordinator
- Richmond Hill Outpatient Division
- Creedmoor Psychiatric Center
- Richmond Hill, New York
- Herbert J. McBride
- President and Medical Director
- Re-Enter, Inc.
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Catherine Devaney McKay, M.D.
- Chief Executive Officer
- Connections Community Support Programs, Inc.
- Wilmington, Delaware
- Norman S. Miller, M.D.
- Associate Professor of Psychiatry
- Department of Psychiatry
- University of Illinois at Chicago
- Thomas Neslund
- Executive Director
- International Commission for the Prevention of Alcoholism and Drug Dependency
- Silver Spring, Maryland
- John Nielsen, L.P.C., C.C.D.C., M.S.S.
- Alcohol and Other Drugs Counselor
- Threshold Youth Services
- Sioux Falls, South Dakota
- Robert E. Nikkel, M.S.W.
- Coordinator
- Adult Program Services Team
- Mental Health and Development Services Division
- Office of Mental Health Services
- State of Oregon
- Fred C. Osher, M.D.
- Acting Director for Demonstration Programs
- Center for Mental Health Services
- William C. Panepinto, A.C. S.W.
- Assistant Director
- Homelessness/Housing Unit
- New York State Office of Alcoholism and Substance Abuse Services
- T. Allan Pearson, M.S.W.
- Mental Health, Alcohol, and Other Drug Abuse Counselor
- Ozaukae County Department of Community Programs
- Port Washington, Wisconsin
- Walter E. Penk, Ph.D.
- Chief
- Psychology Services
- Edit Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital Bedford, Massachusetts
- Harold I. Perl, Ph.D.
- Public Health Analyst
- Homeless Demonstration and Evaluation Branch
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
- Ernest Quimby, Ph.D.
- Assistant Graduate Professor
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology
- Howard University
- Washington, D.C.
- Kathleen Reynolds, M.S.W., A.C.S.W.
- Associate Coordinator
- Livingston/Washtenaw Substance Abuse Coordinating Agency
- Washtenaw Community Mental Health
- Ypsilanti, Michigan
- Henry Jay Richards, Ph.D.
- Associate Director for Behavioral Sciences
- Patuxent Institution
- Jessup, Maryland
- Richard K. Ries, M.D.
- Director of Inpatient Psychiatry and Dual Disorder Programs
- Harborview Medical Center
- Seattle, Washington
- Bruce J. Rounsaville, M.D.
- Associate Professor of Psychiatry
- Division of Substance Abuse
- Yale School of Medicine
- New Haven, Connecticut
- Harry Schnibbe
- Executive Director
- National Association of State Mental Health Program Directors
- Bonnie Schorske, M.A.
- Coordinator
- Special Populations
- New Jersey Division of Mental Health and Hospitals
- Candace Shelton, M.S., C.A.C.
- Clinical Director
- Pascua Yaqui Adult Treatment Home
- Tucson, Arizona
- Elizabeth C. Shifflette, Ed.D.
- Staff Development and Training Coordinator
- South Carolina Commission on Alcohol and Drug Abuse
- Virginia Stiepock, R.N., A.C.S.W., C.S.
- Assistant Center Director/Clinical Director
- Northern Rhode Island Community Mental Health Center, Inc.
- Woonsocket, Rhode Island
- Mathias E. Stricherz, Ed.D., C.D.C. III
- Director
- Student Counseling Center
- University of South Dakota
- Vermillion, South Dakota
- J. Michael Sullivan, Ph.D.
- Clinical Director
- Evans and Sullivan
- Beaverton, Oregon
- Johnie L. Underwood, B.S., C.S.W.
- Assistant Deputy Director
- Division of Mental Health and Addictions
- Indiana Family Social Services Administration
- Mark C. Wallen, M.D.
- Medical/Clinical Director
- Livengrin Foundation, Inc.
- Bensalem, Pennsylvania
- Linda M. Washington, M.S.N., R.N., C.S.-P.
- Psychiatric Nurse Clinical Specialist
- Outpatient Addictions Services
- Montgomery County Department of Addictions, Victims, and Mental Health Services
- Rockville, Maryland
- Patricia M. Weisser
- National Association of Psychiatric Survivors
- Sioux Falls, South Dakota
- Sonya Cornell Yarmat, M.A.
- Consultant
- Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse Services
- Department of Social Rehabilitation
- Topeka, Kansas
- Doug Ziedonis, M.D.
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Psychiatry
- Medical Director, Substance Abuse Treatment Unit
- Outpatient Services
- Yale University
- New Haven, Connecticut
- Joan Ellen Zweben, Ph.D.
- Executive Director
- East Bay Community Recovery Project
- 14th Street Clinic and Medical Group
- Berkeley, California
David W. Newton is a board certified pharmacist and also has been a board member for boards of examiners for the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy since 1983. His areas of expertise are primarily pharmaceuticals as well as cannabinoids. You can read an article about his expertise in CBD on the National Library of Medicine.
Reviewed by: Kim Chin and Marian Newton